Immune profiling of immunotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy pretreatment of NSCLC tissues by CODEX

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes, are the leading cause of cancer related mortality globally. The 5-year survival of patients ~20%. Whilst targeted therapies are increasing, including multiple generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, there is a growing need to identify predictive biomarkers for these therapies. Here we profiled an adjuvant chemotherapy (n=61) as well as a second line immunotherapy (n=42) NSCLC cohort by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics) to investigate the association between immune composition and patient outcome. We applied a panel cytotoxic and hyperactivated T cell states, as well as B cells, Tregs and myeloid lineage innate immune cell types. Our study profiled tumour-immune composition across patients and investigate the spatial neighbourhoods and clusters that these cells software for tissue segmentation (into classes for tumor, stroma, artifacts, blood vessels, etc.), cellular segmentation, and each marker, and then performed spatial analyses (distances, interactions, neighborhoods) using SpatialMap phenotypes.